What is the focus of the routinization phase in leader-member exchange theory?

The focus of the routinization phase in leader-member exchange theory is primarily on establishing clear roles, expectations, and protocols within the team, which aligns with option A. During this phase, interactions between leaders and team members evolve from initial exchanges to more structured relationships. Leaders clarify what is expected from both themselves and their team members, creating a predictable and stable working environment.

This phase is crucial as it helps to solidify the foundation for effective teamwork and communication. By establishing clear protocols and hierarchies, leaders can ensure that team members understand their responsibilities and how they contribute to the overall goals of the organization. This structure reduces ambiguity and provides a sense of security, as team members know what to expect from their leaders and each other.

In contrast, the other options do not align with the central theme of the routinization phase. While personal relationships may be important, their creation is more characteristic of earlier phases of leader-member exchange theory, where trust and rapport are built. Defining roles in a democratic setting suggests a focus on collaborative decision-making, which is more relevant to other stages of team development. Increasing competition among team members is counterproductive to the cooperative spirit necessary during the routinization phase, where collaboration and mutual understanding are prioritized.