Coercive power is exercised through:

Coercive power in an organizational context refers to the ability of an individual to influence others through the threat of negative consequences or punishments. This type of power relies on instilling fear or anxiety in others, which can compel compliance or promote specific behaviors. By using coercive power, a leader can enforce rules and standards, ensuring that team members adhere to expectations due to concerns about the repercussions of not doing so.

In contrast to the other options, coercive power does not involve positive reinforcement, recognition, or authority that encourages voluntary compliance. Instead, it is fundamentally about control and the enforcement of behavior through punitive measures, making it distinct from methods that foster motivation or reward. Recognizing this distinction helps clarify the role of coercive power within the dynamics of leadership and organizational behavior.